Art Movements Essay examples -- Artistics Artists History Art Essays

Cubism was one of the strongest art movements in the 20th century that gave birth to many other movements such as futurism and suprematism. The Forefathers of this revolutionary way of painting were Pablo Picasso and George Braque. Although it may have seemed to be abstract and geometrical to an untrained eye, cubist art do depict real objects. The shapes are flattened onto canvas so that different sides of each shape can be shown simultaneously from many angles. This new style gave a 3 dimensional look on the canvas. The cubist movement gave rise to an extraordinary reassessment of the interaction between form and space changing the course of western art forever. The groundbreaking Demoiselles d’Avignon was controversial not only for the way the women looked but also for the positions of the women. Although Picasso did not emphasize on detail, he â€Å"saw that the rational, often geometric breakdown if the human head and body employed by so many African artists could provide him with the starting point for his own re-appraisal of his subjects†(Cubism 53). â€Å"The naked women become inextricably bound up in a flux of shapes or planes which tip backwards and forwards from the two-dimensional surface to produce much the same sensation as an elaborate sculpture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Cubism 54). Futurism was an art movement, which was influenced by cubist art. Cubism showed no motion it was futurism that was fascinated with machinery, transport and communications. In paintings and sculpture,... Art Movements Essay examples -- Artistics Artists History Art Essays Cubism was one of the strongest art movements in the 20th century that gave birth to many other movements such as futurism and suprematism. The Forefathers of this revolutionary way of painting were Pablo Picasso and George Braque. Although it may have seemed to be abstract and geometrical to an untrained eye, cubist art do depict real objects. The shapes are flattened onto canvas so that different sides of each shape can be shown simultaneously from many angles. This new style gave a 3 dimensional look on the canvas. The cubist movement gave rise to an extraordinary reassessment of the interaction between form and space changing the course of western art forever. The groundbreaking Demoiselles d’Avignon was controversial not only for the way the women looked but also for the positions of the women. Although Picasso did not emphasize on detail, he â€Å"saw that the rational, often geometric breakdown if the human head and body employed by so many African artists could provide him with the starting point for his own re-appraisal of his subjects†(Cubism 53). â€Å"The naked women become inextricably bound up in a flux of shapes or planes which tip backwards and forwards from the two-dimensional surface to produce much the same sensation as an elaborate sculpture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Cubism 54). Futurism was an art movement, which was influenced by cubist art. Cubism showed no motion it was futurism that was fascinated with machinery, transport and communications. In paintings and sculpture,...

Pharmacy Sales and Inventory System Essay

Chapter I The Background and its Setting Introduction Time is very important in every people especially when we do our job. We have done all at the correct time so that we can meet the quota of the company every day. It is difficult in doing all things manually particularly when you’ve lack of time to do this, like counting the number of items that are already sold, how much is the total amount and determinable number of the stocks of each medicine. The problem in manual is that, a pharmacy assistant has a great chance to make some errors and fraud in inventory because in the processing of sales and inventory usually begins when a customer bought a medicine over the counter and sometimes they have made a wrong total amount of medicine by means of confusion and crowdedness of the customers. They couldn’t determine faster the number of stocks of each item and the out of stock. Since it is often times that the managers do not have enough time or information to check the items sold and remaining, they don’t even know the exact quantity of stocks of the medicine. For the customer, the main problem is that they are waiting for the pharmacy assistant that is looking for the medicine they intended to buy, if they have the particular brand of medicine that they are buying or are they still have a stock. It is also a waste of time to the part of customer. So the main focus of the study is on how can be easily know the amount and quantity of medicine with less effort to the employee and improve the accurate information in a receipt. This paper shows about the inventory system. The Pharmacy Sales and Inventory system is accessible by an administrator. They can customize the interface which can add, edit, filter, and monitor all stock of medicines in the pharmacy. This system will show all the changes made by the administrator. Background of the Study Today, computer has become a part of life. It is evident that most of the country’s institutions still do not use the high technology. Particularly in  pharmacies, daily transactions, inventories and record of sales are still done on paper. People know that modern pharmacies are now operating at great pace striving to serve as many customers as possible with the best of their abilities. But as the years goes by, the number of customers has grown and various cases arise that the manual method of managing customers’ transactions, inventories and updating sales, is no longer practical. In this study, researchers hope to develop a system that will minimize all works of manual methods, therefore allowing owners ease in updating inventory – a system that is fully automated, user-friendly, time effective and efficient. Owner knows that number of customers continually increase, managing a pharmacy can also become increasingly difficult, especially if everything is done manually. The researcher will tend to make a system for the easier way of providing information about the product bought, sold, and stored. In addition, the system will attempt to provide receipts using the new system to show the effectiveness of modernizing the company’s current system. This system tends to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the process done by the company. The convenience of this new system will help to promote the company as well as to help its employees do an easier task for the enhancement of the system process. Statement of the Problem The study will enhance the existing inventory control system for pharmacies for a better inventory management and to eliminate/reduce risks of errors and fraud. It will seek to answer what enhancement and design the pharmacy can adopt for a more effective and efficient inventory system. The researchers aim to answer the following: 1.Will the system provide satisfaction to pharmacies in terms of: a.Reliability b.Maintainability c.Portability d.Functionality e.Security 2.Does Pharmacy Sales and Inventory System helps pharmacist in their management processes and sales? a.Time Efficiency b.Accuracy c.Convenience 3.Does the system will provide correct and reliable information to the pharmacy? a.Information accuracy b.Data consistency 4.Does the system will help provide good quality of service to customers in terms of: a.Quality of products b.Faster transactions Significance of the Study This system provides more efficient and faster transactions to pharmacies. It will also provide better service to the customers. †¢Pharmacist- improves stock management, because the system automatically tells what products are lacking and expired. †¢Customer- provides faster transaction and less time of waiting because the pharmacist can give all the information of the product. †¢Administrator- enables to improve the control of the system and also enables to improve the design, the efficiency of the system. Theoretical Framework This Inventory System is important for any business particularly in Pharmacies. An inventory system must balance having enough inventories on hand to meet the demand of customers while investing as little money as possible in inventory. The scope of an inventory system considers which needs the inventory system addresses. These include valuing the inventory, measuring the change in inventory and planning for future inventory levels. The value of the inventory at the end of each period provides a basis for financial reporting on the balance sheet. Measuring the change in inventory allows the company to determine the cost of inventory sold during the period. The inventory level and changes allow the company to plan for future inventory needs. This Pharmacy Information System is a computerized system that handles many one of many outpatient functions, such as taking prescription orders, prescription entry, and pricing of the medications, to fill and refill medication, medication inventory, and the financial management and purchasing Conceptual Framework Scope and Limitation This system will focus on the list of the medicine in the pharmacy that will keep the computerized record of the medicines, it will also store the details of the medicines and can print all the records, and all the sales will be stored in the sales history and the changes will be recorded at the change log, so that the community in the place/city will assure in this system. Only the IT personnel can edit the prizes and the stock of medicine and only the pharmacist can access this system. Definition of terms Sales and Inventory System- software-based solution used to simultaneously track sales activity and inventory Pharmacy- a store where medicinal drugs are dispensed and sold Data- fast and statistics collected together for reference or analysis Medicinal Drugs- something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease Pharmacist- a person who is professionally qualified to prepare and dispense medicinal drugs Customer- a person that buys goods or services from a store or business

Corruption and the Decline of Rome Essays - 2199 Words

Rome was the perfect setting to start an empire. Three seas to the West, South, and East as well as the Alps mountain range to the North guarding Rome. Rome was the ideal homeland for a small empire to expand to great lengths. Natural resources and trade routes also helped Rome’s economy expand to great heights. Industry such as metal working, agriculture, and trade drove the economy. The origins of Rome originate back when Romulus first brought his people to Italy after the burning of Troy. Romulus quickly built a wall around the city for protection, while he defeated his partner Remus for control of the city. Therefore, the city is named after Romulus (Rome). Rome quickly developed to great lengths with every defeat over†¦show more content†¦And how can we measure progress or itemize the causes of a civilizations decline? There are several theories that attempt to answer these questions about history. According to Walmank, early Christians believed that history follows the apocalyptic plan of â€Å"four world kingdoms† or â€Å"six world ages.† Another theory claims that history develops in cycles, one part follows the next stage, basically stating that history is a wheel in motion (Walbank 4). Originally introduced by Plato, many philosophers adapted this way of thinking during Rome’s height. They believed that they could predict the future of Rome and when Rome’s â€Å"cycle† was complete. Aristotle contradicted these beliefs when he said, the problem of decay in a society is that man is at the root of the problem (Walbank 5). Since man’s future is unpredictable, you can not limit history to certain cycles of repetitions because possibilities for the future are endless. Anything could happen at any time that could completely change history. For the first time it is possible to closely examine ancient civilizations. Historians can now see past the individual person to the life of a society as a whole. Using this new insight, we are able to study new paths that the literary forms did not present. We will continue to use the literary sources for personal details, but the new discoveries uncovered give the literary sources a new angle. Therefore, for the firstShow MoreRelatedThe Fall Of Rome s Collapse1199 Words   |  5 PagesEvan Reilly Professor Latham Western Civ 1 12 December 2015 The Fall of Rome For hundreds of years the empire of Rome and its citizens fought with neighboring territories and expanded their territory until they had created a vast empire which included much of modern day Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. Although many historians and professors claim the fall of the Roman empire was because of excess and corruption, invasions by barbarian tribes, military overspending, economic problemsRead MoreTHE RISE OF THE PAPACY Essay examples1637 Words   |  7 Pagesresulted from the decline in the Western Empire, the leadership of Roman bishops, and special grants that gave the church land holdings. This rise to power caused some positive ramifications, such as the protection of the church from heresy. However, the absolute power of the pope also caused corruption and abuses, many of which would eventually spark the reformation. Rise of the Papacy Perhaps no other event was as influential to the rise of papacy in Rome as the decline of the Roman empireRead MoreThe Causes And Fall Of The Han And The Roman Empire1065 Words   |  5 PagesRoman empire. Both were great in power but, due to political, social, and economic causes, they came to an end. Although they do partake in the equal shares of corruption and problems with the military, they also had fair shares of differences, regarding their declines. For example, the Han empire had decentralization and rebellion while Rome had shifted in interests and developed war issues. These differences and similarities are bits of history which help to comprehend why these empires are no longerRead MoreThe Fall Of Rome Roman Empire905 Words   |  4 PagesJai Banala Mrs Welch Nov 16, 14, 1:03 PM The Fall of Rome The Western Roman Empire was once at the pinnacle of civilisation, widely regarded as one of the largest empires in history. Their extreme wealth made them the pioneers in warfare, medicine, architecture, politics, culture and philosophy. At its peak in 117 AD, it spanned over 5,000,000 square kilometres, and had a population of almost 57,000,000 people. In spite of its sheer power and level of innovation, The Western Roman Empire fellRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1609 Words   |  7 PagesHistoriographic Paper: The End of Antiquity The Fall of Rome HIST534 A001 Sum 15 American Military University David Provencher (ID# 4358187) July 30, 2015 The fall of the Roman Empire is one of the most discussed and debated events in ancient history. Many historians site the date of 476 A. D. as the day the empire ended, but there are also many that say that the 476 A.D. date is subjective because it took many years of internal problems and neglect for the empire to come to an endRead More The Fall of the Roman Empire Due to Army, Citizens, Barbarianism1587 Words   |  7 PagesThere were many causes of the decline, and eventual fall, of the Roman empire. The deficient Emperor role led to the lacking military response to invasions, civil war and peasant uprisings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ROMAN EMPIRE AND ITS EMPEROR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever since the adoptive system which was installed by Marcus Aurelius was never reinstalled after his death, effective leadership in governing Rome was lacking. It was clearly visible that the Roman Emperor was the backbone of Roman stability and therefore theRead MoreChhi 301 Papacy Paper1697 Words   |  7 PagesRAMIFICATIONS OF THE PAPACY’S POWER IN ROME Church History 301 April 20, 2014    Ramifications of the Papacy’s Power in Rome The papacy – the office held by the pope as head of the Catholic Church - gained great power from the sixth through eighth centuries, and there are several reasons for this surge in influence. Starting around 590, Pope Gregory I sought to convert Teutonic invaders to Christianity. Islam was also in play, as it had taken over most of Asia and Africa. According toRead MoreChristianity And The Fall Of The Western Roman Empire1349 Words   |  6 PagesIn my Theatre of History class, we briefly discussed Rome and the fall of the Western Roman Empire as it related to theatre but I was intrigued to learn more. It didn’t seem sensible that the fall of the Western Empire would be placed, even a little, on the rise of Christianity during that time. It didn’t seem sensible for two reasons. The first reason is that Jesus Christ, in whom the Christians believed, had been born, lived, and crucified over 400 years before the Empire fell. His lifetime spannedRead MoreThe Dec line Of The Imperial Collapse Of Rome And Greece1725 Words   |  7 Pages Unlike that of China, the decline of Rome was much more upsetting having a much larger impact on the surrounding world. The Decline and fall of the Mediterranean and Chinese civilizations was a result of population decrease, weak government, a frail economy, and invasion. The causes of the imperial collapse in Rome and Greece(The Mediterranean region)with the causes of imperial collapse in the East Asia during the period 600 BCE toward 600 CE has had an remarkable achievements but those sameRead MoreThe Main Causes Of The Fall Of Great Societies1328 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough many of the societies are: political corruption, differing opinions in religion and excessive military spending. This information not only shows us information that caused powerful societies to fall but also shows what people right now can do to prevent the fail of societies today. The three main causes of the fall of great societ ies are political corruption, excessive military spending and differing opinions about religion. Political Corruption is one of the main causes of falling societies

America s Public Schools And Schooled Essay - 1848 Words

Throughout this year, we have read two books, 50 Myths Lies That Threaten America’s Public Schools and Schooled: Ordinary, Extraordinary Teaching in an Age of Change, as well as several different articles spanning various topics regarding school and its purpose in society. We learned that each of us in class have had unique school experiences, whether we went to a public, private, charter, or home school. Each of our unique experiences have allowed us to share our personal encounters with school, both positive and negative. Through these readings we learned about how each of us has a stake in schools. We depend on one another to be educated enough to make important decisions, for example critically analyzing candidates and their platforms when deciding to vote. If I could suggest any three of our readings to a high school teacher, a parent, and to a fellow student, they would be the Postman and Weingartner section from Teaching as a Subversive Activity, Why Wrong is not Alway s Bad by Alina Tugend, and College is not a commodity. Stop treating it like one. by Rawlings, respectively. These articles stood out to me as the most informative as well as the most relative to many of the issues we see today. Selecting just one article to suggest to a high school teacher to read was the most difficult out of the three recommendations. When I was thinking of who I would suggest this article to, I came to the conclusion that any high school teacher would benefit from reading any ofShow MoreRelatedHome Schooling Is A Good Idea880 Words   |  4 Pages You may be asking yourself, how did home schooling begin? What was it like? Well, in the 1970’s and the 1980’s home schooling began to spark. A few parents question whether public or private school was right for their child. They were thinking they could do a better job. Well, what do you know; parents learned they could do a better job. However, some states, prohibited home schooling. If parents or guardians were home schooling, they could face jail time as well as losing their children to theRead MoreHomeschooling Is An Effective Education1129 Words   |  5 Pages Mahatma Gandhi once said There is no school equal to a decent home and no teacher equal to a virtuous parent.† Homeschooling has evolved into a popular and fast growing alternative to traditional schooling. In 2003, there was an estimated of 1.1 million homeschooled children, and in 2007 homeschooling had continued to grow to over 1.5 million. Opponents of the homeschooling method argue that parents are not as qualified to educate their children as teachers are; therefore, their children willRead MoreThe Impact Of Society, Governmental Issues And The Business Economy1848 Words   |  8 Pagesmore confused and befuddling environment in which families live and develop. Not the least of these impacts is the plenty of alternatives presently accessible to families for the education of their children. The choice to send kids to the nearby public school or to have schooling at home is handled in this paper. ​Parents have choices when settling on choices in regards to their youngsters education. What parents require keeping in mind the end goal to settle on an idealistic educational choice areRead MoreTeaching Strategies For Children s Elementary School Years At A Public School And Our Homeschool Years1675 Words   |  7 PagesThis book will show tried and tested strategies used during my children’s elementary school years at a public school and our homeschool years during middle school. These strategies will smooth out tempestuous parenting waters, whether a child is in a traditional school or home schooled. Children are a measure of our success, worthiness, and achievements. We are judged by their success and triumphs and we compare ourselves to other parents and the way they educate their children. AdditionallyRead MoreEssay about History of Home Schooling2720 Words   |  11 PagesHistory of Home Schooling Before public schools emerged, children were educated in the home by their parents. They were taught arithmetic, practical skills, and to read and write. Some wealthy families preferred hiring a tutor for their children (Koetzsch, 1997). In the 1840s, prominent leaders such as Horace Mann lead a movement to institute public schools in the United States (Thattai, 2001). These reformers argued that public schools would create good citizens, unite society, and preventRead MoreHomeschooling: On the Rise in America1869 Words   |  8 PagesHomeschooling is on the rise in America. According to a 2007 NHES study conducted by the U.S. Department of Education there are an estimated 1.5 million students actively being homeschooled up from the 850,000 estimated in previous study conducted in 1999 (NCES, 1). Once seen as a fringe activity usually associated with the religious right, homeschooling now encompasses many mainstream families looking for educational alternatives in the face of such issues as violence, peer pressure, and poor academicRead MoreHomeschooling And The Community : Homeschooling1681 Words   |  7 PagesKalie Mehaffy Dr. Grey Schools, Cultures and Communities 5/18/2015 Homeschooling and the Community In this paper, I will be discussing the benefits of homeschooling and how it is perceived in the community. Homeschooling in this paper defined as the structured education of children in their home by their parents without materials provided by the government, while the term unschooling in this paper is defined as the unstructured education of children in the home by their parents, again without materialsRead MoreThe And The Contemporary Manifestations Of Alternates From Traditional School Structures1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic I have chosen to write about for this final writing assignment is the history of and the contemporary manifestations of alternates to traditional school structures in the United States. I will look at several of these alternatives and how the public reaction to them has changed throughout American history. The reason I am writing about this topic, and the reason this is an important realm of education to observe and explore, is because of the push for an individualized approach to students’Read MoreThe Culture Of The American Society903 Words   |  4 Pageshere are many cultures here in America. Every day there is a possibility for a new culture to form and expands the diversity. Since, culture is huge in America it is divided into different categories. Coming from culture there are subcultures. Sub-cultures are groups that share in the overall culture of society but also maintain a distinctive set of values, norm, and lifestyle and even a distinctive language. There are also countercultures. Counterculture is groups whose values, interest, beliefRead MoreEducation Of Women During The Colonial Period Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pages Education of women in America has changed immensely. Between colonial times and the present day, women have made great strides in education. In colonial times, education for most women was limited to reading the bible. Since then, women have earned equality in primary and secondary education as well as college. This process has been aided by the enacting laws and through decisions of the courts. This has led to the equal opportunity that women enjoy today. Colonial Days Throughout the colonial

The Boarding House By James Joyce - 1095 Words

It was once said, by an unknown author, â€Å"A wise man makes his own decisions, an ignorant man follows the social ideology despite moral conflicts and common civility.† This is a very relevant statement that could be used to describe both, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† by Kate Chopin and â€Å"The Boarding House† by James Joyce. â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† was a sad tale in which social opinion forced a young, naà ¯ve woman, Desiree, into a dark place of self-hatred thanks to her husband Armand and his imperious and estranged behavior. Weeks after giving birth to a beautiful son and what Desiree thought was a blessing, Armand began to become very distant and after numerous unexpected visitors his behavior seemed injudicious. Those unexpected visits brought more than a surprise to the new parents, but also side-glances, whispers and something much more sinister; discrimination. Likewise, â€Å"The Boarding House† by James Joyce, tells the tale o f an emotionally damaged mother who runs a boarding house for young men, where her young promiscuous daughter, Polly, works and begins having an affair with one of the house’s occupants. In this story the mother, Mrs. Mooney, doesn’t do the moral thing and handle the affair discreetly, and instead allows the social expectations of that time period add pressure to the affair. Once the right amount of pressure was applied, she pops the expanding bubble of suspicion by forcing a, usually love filled, decision of marriage on the involved young man, Mr. Doran, just to satisfyShow MoreRelatedA Similar Life Within A Story: Eveline by James Joyce1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe heartache of losing a loved one is indescribable. Many people live out their lives based off how that one person would want them to live. James Joyces short story, Eveline, is an example of how promises are hard to break. As James Joyce writes his stories, his characters and themes share similarities wit hin his own life, giving them more value and much more meaning behind the importance of the story. To begin with, Eveline is the story of a young teenager facing a dilemma where she hasRead More Longing to Escape Essay1084 Words   |  5 Pagesaway from it, or do they have the willpower to fight it head on? James Joyce, the author of Dubliners, at the young age of twenty-three, was able to take note of the struggles and hardships of the Irish people at a time when their once prosperous Dublin city was in retrograde. He took all the emotions and angers that his people had during this period in time, and summed it up into fifteen short stories. Throughout these stories Joyce places his characters into situations that leave them in constantRead MoreEssay on Feminism in Dubliners1321 Words   |  6 Pages| Feminism in Dubliners | Mrs. Atkins; English A3 Tuesday, May 25, 2010 James Joyce’s book of short stories entitled Dubliners examines feminism and the role of women in Irish society. The author is ahead of his time by bringing women to the forefront of his stories and using them to show major roles and flaws in Irish society, specifically in â€Å"Eveline† and â€Å"The Boarding House†. James Joyce portrays women as victims who are forced to assume a leading and somewhat patriarchal role in theirRead MoreFeminist Criticism of James Joyces the Boarding House1491 Words   |  6 PagesFeminist Criticism: The Boarding House Throughout James Joyce’s â€Å"The Boarding House†, women appear in stereotypical, subordinate roles. This may lead the reader to think that Joyce is an anti-feminist writer, however this is not the case. This work is an honest, insightful look at the role women played in turn of the century Ireland. Joyce carefully illustrates the plight of women in this setting and because he educates the audiences about the subservient role of women, he could be considered aRead MoreEssay on Characterization in â€Å"The Boarding House†891 Words   |  4 PagesIn Joyce Jones’s short story, â€Å"The Boarding House,† characterization is a key factor. Mrs. Mooney, a divorced wife, was considered to be a woman who was very determined by the author. As the protagonist of this short story, Mrs. Mooney firmly takes control of her own life, as well as her daughter Polly’s. She successfully planned to secure her daughter in a comfortable marriage in which shows her character is a bit ambiguous. It seems as though she demands equality between men and women but alsoRead MoreThe Mother Archetype Of James Joyce s Dubliners1202 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mother Archetype in James Joyce’s Dubliners An archetype is an instantly recognizable, fundamental theme, character, or symbol. According to Carl Jung, archetypes are part of the collective unconscious, an inherent, species-wide knowledge base that is embedded in our natural and cultural identity (Boeree, Webspace). One example of a Jungian archetype is the mother. In the stories â€Å"The Boarding House† and â€Å"A Mother† from Dubliners, James Joyce explores the two aspects of the mother archetypeRead MoreEssay on Dubliners: Literary Analysis1385 Words   |  6 PagesDubliners: Literary Analysis James Joyce wrote Dubliners to portray Dublin at the turn of the early 20th century. In Dubliners, faith and reason are represented using dark images and symbols. James Joyce uses these symbols to show the negative side of Dublin. In â€Å"The Sisters,† â€Å"The Boarding House,† and â€Å"The Dead† dark is expressed in many ways. James Joyce uses the light and dark form of symbolism in his imagination to make his stories come to life. The tale of â€Å"The Sisters† has dark imagesRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcoholism In The Dubliners By James Joyce2072 Words   |  9 PagesIreland in his stories is James Joyce. Joyce wrote a collection of short stories, The Dubliners. These short stories take place in Dublin, Ireland. One common theme in all of these stories is the suffering the characters go through. Another theme in all of the stories is alcoholism. Most of his stories feature a character who is an alcoholic. The alcoholic tends to create problems for the people around him. By using alcoholics to further the plots of his stories, James Joyce pins the blame for IrishRead MoreReligion in James Joyces Dubliners Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesReligion in James Joyces Dubliners Religion was an integral part of Ireland during the modernist period, tightly woven into the social fabric of its citizens. The Catholic Church was a longstandingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Nameless Boy 3175 Words   |  13 Pagesgrab his books to walk behind her ,through their dull village, all the way to the point at which their paths diverge. Araby is about a young boy whom is not named who moves into a house in Dublin, Ireland. The previous tenant, an Irish priest, had died in the drawing room and left his belongings to his sister and the house had a quite musty smell as it had not been inhabited for quite some time. The family had moved in and as time went by, the boy made friends at his school, Christian Brother’s School

Recent Changes in Indian Capital Markets Free Essays

Recent changes in Indian Capital markets Introduction A capital market is a market for securities (debt or equity), where business enterprises (companies) and governments can raise long-term funds. It is defined as a market in which money is provided for periods longer than a year, as the raising of short-term funds takes place on other markets (e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Recent Changes in Indian Capital Markets or any similar topic only for you Order Now , the money market). The capital market includes the stock market (equity securities) and the bond market (debt). Money markets and capital markets are parts of financial markets. Financial regulators, such as the UK’s Financial Services Authority (FSA) or the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), oversee the capital markets in their designated jurisdictions to ensure that investors are protected against fraud, among other duties. Capital markets may be classified as primary markets and secondary markets. In primary markets, new stock or bond issues are sold to investors via a mechanism known as underwriting. In the secondary markets, existing securities are sold and bought among investors or traders, usually on a securities exchange, over-the-counter, or elsewhere. The primary market is the channel for creation of new securities. These securities are issued by public limited companies or by government agencies’ In the primary market, the resources are mobilized either through the public issue or through private placement route. It is a public issue if anybody and everybody can subscribe for it, whereas if the issue is made available to a selected group of persons it is termed as private placement. There are two major types of issuers of securities, the corporate entities who issue mainly debt and equity instruments and the Government (Central as well as State) who issue debt securities. These new securities issued in the primary market are traded in the secondary market. The secondary market enables participants who hold securities to adjust their holdings in response to changes in their assessment of risks and returns. Industry raises finance from the Indian capital market with the help of a number of instruments. Corporate have a choice of : – (1) Equity finance, and 2) Debt finance. Experience in the different countries has varied. Substituting equity finance for debt finance makes domestic firms less vulnerable to fluctuations in earnings or increases in interest rates. During the last decade, more than a third of the increase in net assets of large firms in Chile, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Taiwan and Thailand has been secured through equity issuance. This patt ern contrasts sharply with that of the industrial countries, in which equity financing during the same period has accounted for less than 5 percent of the growth in net assets. The recent massive structural reforms on the economic and industry front in the form of de-licensing rupee convertibility, tapping of foreign funds, allowing foreign investors to come to India, have resulted, on one hand, in the quantum leap in activities/volume in the Indian capital market, and on the other hand and more importantly, that the Indian capital market has undergone a metamorphosis in terms of institutions, instruments, etc. The capital market in India is rightly termed as an emerging and promising capital market. The buoyancy in the capital market has appeared as a result of increasing industrialization, growing awareness globalization of the capital market, etc. Several financial institutions, financial instruments and financial services have emerged as a result of economic liberalization policy of the Government of India. Future of the capital market In the liberalized economic environment, the capital market is all set to play a highly critical role in the process of economic development. The Indian capital market has to arrange funds to meet the financial needs of both domestic and foreign resources. What is more critical is that the changed environment is characterized by cutthroat competition. Ability of enterprises to mobilize funds at cheap cost will determine their competitiveness vis-a-vis their rivals. Changes in the capital market Four sets of changes in the Indian capital market can be identified which set the market of the twenty-first century different from what obtained earlier. These can be categorized as follows:  »Introduction of new institutions  »Introduction of new instruments  »Changes in administrative control and regulatory framework  »Some recent initiatives Introduction of New Institutions The composition of the Indian capital market has undergone a total change. Till very recent times, Bombay Stock Exchange dominated the capital market in India. The daily turnover on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) alone exceeded the total turnover of all other exchanges put together. The BSE with the monopolistic claw like control over the market was posing a severe constraint on the spread and diversification of the capital market culture. It was content with practicing non-transparent time and resource consuming trading practices that failed to evoke confidence among new investors, both in primary and secondary market. Its trading practices were becoming somewhat totally out of tune with the ongoing communication revolution in India and worldwide. In response to this, the most important are the OTCEI and NSE. What is more important is that the NSE has worked as a catalyst of change for other exchanges, which are introducing on-line trading systems. Along with NSE, mutual funds have also emerged in the country. Different types of mutual funds catering to the needs of different types of investors have been set up in the country. The increasing growth of the capital market has witnessed the mergence of foreign institutional investors (FIIs) as significant players. Their sale and purchase decisions are already having a significant impact on the market conditions. Along with these new players, a set of new supporting institutions have also emerged on the horizon such as the Discount and Finance House of India, Securities Trading Corporation of India, Stock Holding Corporation of India, settlement and depository systems, etc. Introduction of New Instruments Capital market instruments are responsible for generating funds for companies, corporations and sometimes national governments. These are used by the investors to make a profit out of their respective markets. There are a number of capital market instruments used for market trade, including – * Stocks Bonds * Debentures * Treasury-bills * Foreign Exchange * Fixed deposits, and others Along with new institutions, new instruments have emerged on the capital market. These encompass both the domestic instruments and foreign instruments. Many new instruments of finance have already been introduced in recent years. Still, the current intensity of the Indian financial market reveals that the re is a tremendous scope to deploy new financing instruments connected to equity, debentures, bonds, add-on products and derivatives. This may require appropriate changes in certain economic legislations and the will on the part of the Indian corporate enterprises to take risks and tune their decision-making to the investor psychology and market preferences. Changes in Rules and Regulations Responding to the changes in the environment, the administrative framework has also undergone a total overhaul. The earlier chains have been totally removed. The Controller of Capital Issues has been done away with. The Indian capital market has been left free to find its own depth and strength. However, it is a paradox of a free market economy that whenever chains are removed effective watchdogs have to be employed. This latter function has now been entrusted to the Securities and Exchange Board of India. Under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was formed as an autonomous body empowered to regulate the stock exchanges, brokers, merchant bankers, mutual funds, underwriters and various other financial advisors and market intermediaries. The two pronged fundamental objectives of SEBI became investor protection and the orderly growth of the Indian Capital Market. The SEBI has been laying down guidelines to be followed by different players in the different segments of the market. Some Recent Initiatives  »Buy-back of shares by corporate has been permitted; this will enable the promoters of Indian companies to consolidate their positions.  »Disclosure of end use of funds raised in public issue in annual statements; it will impart transparency to the manner in which the funds raised from the public are deployed. This will also impose greater accountability on companies.  »One-time waiver of capital gains tax for corporatization of stock broking tickets; this will result in speeding up the pace of professionalization of stock broking operations, which will benefit investors.  »Provision of nomination facility in share certificates; this will ease procedures for transfer of shares in the names of the nominee in case of death of the shareholder. In short, the capital market has witnessed metamorphic changes in recent past and is all set to meet the varied needs of the changed liberalized economic environment. Globalization and the Indian capital market With the gradual opening up of the Indian economy, increasing importance of foreign portfolio investment in the Indian markets and drastic reduction in import tariffs that has exposed Indian companies to foreign competition, Indian capital market is acquiring a global image. Till recently, participants in the Indian capital market could largely afford to ignore what happened in other parts of the world. Share prices largely behaved as if the rest of the world just did not exist. At present, in sharp contrast to recent past, Indian capital market responds to all types of external developments, like US bond yields, the value of the peso or for that matter of any other currency, the political situation in China, or new petrochemical capacity in South Korea, etc. In short, the Indian capital market is on threshold of a new era. Gradual globalization of the market will mean four things, as follows:  »The market will be more sensitive to developments that take place abroad. There will be a power shift as domestic institutions are forced to compete with the FIIs who control the floating stock and are in control of the GDR market.  »Structural issues will come to the fore with a plain message: reform or despair.  »The individual investor in his own interest will refrain from both primary and secondary market; he will be better off investing in mutual funds. Reference http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Capital_market http://www. bostonapartments. com/loans/finance/ indian-capital-market. html http://www. advancedtrading. com/infrastructure/227500220? pgno=1 How to cite Recent Changes in Indian Capital Markets, Papers

Patent Laws for Canadian Intellectual Property -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePatent Laws for Canadian Intellectual Property Office. Answer: Patent A patent is the right given to the inventor of an invention on exclusivity of his property. In many countries it is done through the patent and trademark offices. It prevents other people from selling, making or using the invention with a given jurisprudence (Mueller, n.d.). Patent applied or patent pending is an invention that has already been filed. In Canada, the office is called Canadian Intellectual Property Office(CIPO). The rights given to Telecan for patent are as follows; The right to make their own inventions. It is important to not that patenting does not give the owners in this case Telecan to make their own invention but rather the right to exclude others from importing using or making the invention. It gives Telecan the right to utilize their invention from the use of heterocyclic compounds. However, the right to make their own invention is also determined by the rights of others who may have different patents on the product but touching the same chemical substance. If another party owns the patent, it may prevent the patentee from utilizing his own invention. In this case, Telecan must re-apply for the patent in some of the countries because they can use it in the countries apart from Canada (Amani, 2016). In which countries would applications for a patent have to be filed by Telecan? After realizing that the chemical compound was leading somewhere and was reactive to the cellular pigment, Jane was told to search which country the chemical substance had been patented. She found that previously a patent had been issued on a chemical substance known as Nitroponol, that had the same chemical composition as TC-025. It had only been issued in three European countries and that is Germany, United kingdom and France in 1993. It had however expired in France and Germany in 2006 and was subject to re application in the two countries. The only country the patent had not expired is United Kingdom (Eiland, 2009). How should the invention from this finding be described in a patent? The invention is not based on the discovery of compound TC-025. The compound had already been discovered in 1993 and patented in the above mentioned countries. The invention is in the use of the chemical substance TC-025 in treatment of melonama of the skin cancer. Telecan had been trying to see the reaction of the chemical compound on specific cells that had cancer and finally the compound had reacted to one of the experiments (Halbert, 2005). Jane had heard that a specific type of medical treatment was not patentable in Canada. She wondered if that would have an impact on getting a patent if it was described as TC-025 to treat melanoma or a specific type of cancer? Jane is right. However, they can patent the specific type of compound in TC-025 in treating a specific type of cancer. If Canada cannot patent the specific medical treatment, then the company can patent the compound to treat a specific type of cancer or melonama. However, the company has to show that the invention that is being patented has utility, is novel and is inventive so as to be allowed to patent the compound TC-025. Novelty means that for Telecan to be granted the patent, it must be the original inventor of the specific compound treating the specific type of cancer. This is true since no other company has discovered this. The invention has also not been made public before the application (Pattinson, 2009). Secondly, utility means that a valid patent cannot be given for something that does not work. This chemical is working on the specific cancerous cell and therefore patentable. Lastly, is the ingenuity which is the improvement of something which has already existed. Would the previous patent on Nitroponol prevent Telecan from getting a patent? Yes. This is because the compound had already been discovered but registered or patented under a different name which is Nitroponol. The chemical substance remains the same. However, due to the expiry of the patent in some countries that is German and France, Telecan can apply for the patent there. In the UK, the patent has not expired and owners of Nitropol may prevent Telecan from patenting the compound (Pattinson, 2009). Since Telecan had only tested TC-025 in a petri dish, could it be said that the invention had a useful function? YES.It had a useful function because its the testing of TC-025 in the petri dish that gave the specific results. It therefore had a useful function in the research process because it was tested severally by Jane to see if she had done the procedures wrongly or if the mixture wasnt perfect. Did Janes previous work in her M.Sc. somehow make her subsequent finding obvious and thus lacking in ingenuity? although during her previous work in her M.Sc the use of nitrogen containing heterocyclic compound produced obvious results on uveal melanoma, the research was not lacking ingenuity (Mueller, n.d.). References Amani, B. (2016).State agency and the patenting of life in international law. London: Routledge. Eiland, M. (2009).Patenting traditional medicine. Munich: Nomos Verlag. Halbert, D. (2005).Resisting intellectual property law. New York: Routledge. Mueller, J.Patent law. Pattinson, S. (2009).Medical law and ethics. London: Sweet Maxwell.